The following is a dictionary of Isu words and their meanings and etymologies (the Proto-Indo-European words "descended" from them) when available. At the bottom of the article you'll also find a list of known sound changes from Isu to Proto-Indo-European.

Dictionary

Aærh

Possibly related to PIE *h₁eg- "to lack" whence English indigent

Verb

Require, need

Adhayz

Possibly formed from ad + hayz

Verb

Believe

Adhayznos

Formed from adhayz + -nos

Adjective

Credulous

Agwzí

Developed into PIE *h₂egʷsih₂ "axe"

Noun

Axe

Apovlôz

Formed from apo + vlôz

Verb

Sacrifice

Arhzmṛmṇ

Formed from arhz + smṛ + -mṇ

Noun

Record (information storage)

Azrhṇ

Formed from az + rhṇ

Verb

Guarantee

Blahæ

Developed into PIE *pleh₁- "to fill"

Verb

Fill

Blahænos

Formed from blahæ + -nos

Adjective

Full

Blàyz

Verb

Try, attempt

Carb

Developed into PIE *kerp- "to pluck, to harvest"

Verb

Harvest

Chagru

Developed into PIE *h₂éḱru "tear"

Noun

Tear (from the eye)

Chalhæ

Developed into PIE *kelh₁- "to call, to cry, to summon" whence English proclamation

Verb

Summon

Chan

Developed into PIE *ken- "to arise, to begin"

Verb

Start

Charærh

Developed into PIE *h₂erh₃- "to plow" whence English arable

Verb

Plow

Charærhdrṃ

Formed from charærh + -drṃ

Noun

Plow

Charh

Developed into PIE *keh₃- "to fight"

Verb

Fight

Chayrh

Developed into PIE *kéh₂ikos "one-eyed, blind"

Adjective

Blind

Chayrhos

Formed from chayrh + -os

Noun

Blind person

Chàyz

Developed into PIE *h₂eys- "to wish, to request, to search"

Verb

Seek

Chnàk

Developed into PIE *h₂neḱ- "to reach, to attain" whence English next

Verb

Reach

Chṛd

Verb

Prepare

Chu

Developed into PIE *(s)kewh₁- "to perceive, to observe" whence English show

Verb

Perceive

Chuæs

Formed from chu + -æs

Noun

Sight

Chṇtæcharh

Formed from chṇtæ + charh

Noun

Rebellion

Chṇrhú

Formed from chṇ + -rhú

Noun

Family

Dag

Possibly developed into PIE *teḱ- "to sire, to beget" whence English architect or *dʰewgʰ- "to produce"

Verb

Produce

Dagæs

Formed from dag + -æs

Noun

Production, creation

Dawrh

Possibly developed into PIE *tewh₂- "to be numerous" whence English thousand

Noun

Child

Doshæs

Possibly developed into PIE *tews- "to be happy"

Verb

Soothe

Gṇs

Developed into PIE *ḱens- "to announce, to proclaim" whence English censorship

Verb

Announce

Gwachæt

Verb

Assign

Gwam

Developed into PIE *gʷem- "to step"

Verb

Come

Gwar

Developed into PIE *kʷer- "to do, to make, to build"

Verb

Do

Gwardrṃ

Formed from gwar + -drṃ

Noun

Instrument, tool

Gwaw

Developed into PIE *gʷewH- "to defecate"

Noun

Excrement

Gwich

Verb

Limit

Hæwòch

Developed into PIE *h₁weh₂- "to leave, to abandon, to give out" whence English evacuate

Verb

Abandon

Hàgwṛmæch

Possibly formed from hàgwṛ + mæch

Adjective

Cowardice

Hahṃz

Adjective

Talented

Hahṃzos

Formed from hahṃz + -os

Noun

Talent

Hàs

Developed into PIE *h₁es- "to be" whence English essence

Verb

To belong

Haz

Possibly developed into PIE *bʰed- "to improve, to make better"

Adjective

Better

Hṇrharz

Formed from hṇ + rharz

Verb

Wrap

Hṇrhṇ

Formed from hṇ + rhṇ

Verb

Understand

Hṇzahæs

Formed from hṇ + zah + -æs

Noun

Behavior

Hoærh

Possibly developed into PIE *h₂eǵ- "to drive" whence English activate

Verb

Activate

Hṛ

Developed into PIE *h₃er- "to move, to stir"

Verb

Move

Huch

Noun

Future

Hűch

Verb

Cleanse

Hűchæs

Formed from hűch + -æs

Noun

Sanitation

Hnom

Developed into PIE *h₁nómn̥ "name"

Verb

Name

Kahæs

Developed into PIE *ḱeh₁s- "to teach, to indicate"

Verb

Command

Kḷ

Developed into PIE *ḱel- "to cover" whence English occult

Verb

Hide

Kṇch

Verb

Doubt

Komhaæzrhú

Possibly formed from kom + haæz + rhú

Noun

Council

Kűz

Noun

Mud

Kway

Developed into PIE *kʷey- "to avenge" whence English penalty

Verb

Avenge

Kwayæs

Formed from kway + -æs

Noun

Revenge

Læs

Developed into PIE *leys- "to shrink, to grow thin, to be gentle" whence English less

Adjective

Weak

Làygw

Developed into PIE *leykʷ- "to leave" whence English derelict

Verb

Leave

Lṇz

Developed into PIE *lendʰ- "land, heath"

Noun

Land

Lochus

Developed into PIE *lókus "pond, pool"

Noun

Lake

Lolh

Possibly developed into PIE *lewbʰ "to desire, to covet, to want" whence English love

Verb

Desire

Lolhæs

Formed from lolh + -æs

Noun

Desire

Machtér

Developed into PIE *méh₂tēr "mother"

Noun

Mother

Marhachs

Developed into PIE *méǵh₂s "big, great" whence English much

Adjective

Great

Marhachsos

Formed from marhachs + -os

Noun

Greatness

Marhràch

Likely formed from marh + ràch; marh developed into PIE *megʰ- "to be able" whence English mighty

Adjective

Able

Mér

Developed into PIE *meh₁- "to measure"

Verb

Quantify

Mérmṇ

Formed from mér + -mṇ

Noun

Quantity

Mḷ

Developed into PIE *mey- "to strengthen" whence English more

Adjective

Strong

Mḷos

Formed from mḷ + -os

Noun

Strength

Mṇ

Developed into PIE *men- "to think" whence English mind

Verb

Think

Mṇmṇ

Formed from mṇ + -mṇ

Noun

Thought

Mṇrh

Developed into PIE *mengʰ- "many, sufficient"

Noun

Plenty

Mṇrhṇgwardach

Formed from mṇrh + rhṇ + gwar + -dach

Noun

Polymath

Mṇsṛ

Possibly formed from mṇ + sṛ

Noun

Correlation

Mṇzlom

Possibly formed from mṇ + zlom

Noun

Sense, reason

Mṛ

Developed into PIE *mer- "sea" whence English mermaid

Noun

Sea

Mṛvṃ

Noun

Image (possibly)

Nàg

Developed into PIE *neḱ- "to perish, to disappear" whence English necropolis

Noun

Death

Ṇgwar

Formed from ṇ + gwar

Verb

Undo

Ṇṛch

Formed from ṇ + ṛch

Verb

Unlock

Ṇṛchdrṃ

Formed from ṇ + ṛch + -drṃ

Noun

Key, unlocker

Ṇsæs

Developed into PIE *h₁ensi- "large knife"

Noun

Sword

Ṇwahæ

Formed from ṇ + wahæ

Adjective

Untrue

Ôrhr

Possibly developed into PIE *yóh₁r̥ "year"

Noun

Day

Paus

Adjective

Free, unconstrained

Pausos

Formed from paus + -os

Noun

Freedom

Ṛch

Verb

Lock

Réyzd

Developed into PIE *h₂rey-dʰ(h₁)- "to put in order" whence English arithmetic

Verb

Calculate

Réyzdér

Formed from réyzd + -ér

Verb

Calculator

Rhàb

Developed into PIE *h₃ep- "to work, to toil, to make" whence English opus

Verb

Work

Rhàbér

Formed from rhàb + -ér

Noun

Worker

Rhàbmṇ

Formed from rhàb + -mṇ

Noun

Labor

Rhagw

Developed into PIE *h₃ekʷ- "to see, eye"

Verb

See

Rharz

Developed into PIE *gʰerdʰ- "to enclose, to encircle" whence English gird

Verb

Enclose

Rhawrh

Adjective

Cold

Rhlab

Possibly developed into PIE *klep- "to steal" whence English kleptomania

Verb

Steal

Rhlabmṇ

Formed from rhlab + -mṇ

Noun

Theft

Rhḷb

Verb

Imagine

Rhḷbæs

Formed from rhḷb + -æs

Noun

Imagination

Rhḷbmṛvṃ

Formed from rhḷb + mṛvṃ

Noun

Design

Rhṇ

Possibly developed into PIE *ǵneh₃- "to recognize, to know"

Verb

Know

Rhṇæs

Formed from rhṇ + -æs

Noun

Fact (reality)

Rhṇgwar

Formed from rhṇ + gwar

Verb

Craft

Rhṇhér

Formed from rhṇh + ér; rhṇh eveloped into PIE *ǵenh₁- "to produce, to beget, to give birth" whence English progenitor

Noun

Father

Rhob

Developed into PIE *h₁ep- "to grab, to snatch, to get" whence English option

Verb

Choose

Rhoz

Developed into PIE *gʰedʰ- "to join, to unite" whence English gather

Verb

Compile

Rhwegash

Verb

Coddle

Sakw

Possibly developed into PIE *sekʷ- "to follow" whence English sequence

Verb

Put into effect

Sarh

Developed into PIE *seǵʰ- "to overpower"

Noun

Control

Sawrh

Developed into PIE *sewh₁- "to give birth" whence English son

Verb

Birth

Schar

Developed into PIE *(s)ker- "to cut off, to sever" whence English carnage

Verb

Cut

Seyl

Developed into PIE *seyl- "still, quiet"

Adjective

Silent

Seylos

Formed from seyl + -os

Noun

Silence

Shoàz

Developed into PIE *wed- "water"

Noun

Water

Shoṛrh

Developed into PIE *swergʰ- "to be ill" whence English sorrow

Verb

Suffer

Shoṛrhæs

Formed from shoṛrh + -æs

Noun

Pain

Shuæsholh

Verb

Despair

Shuæsholhæs

Formed from shuæsholh + -æs

Noun

Despair

Shuàgw

Developed into PIE *wekʷ- "to speak, to sound out"

Noun

Voice

Verb

Speak

Shuàr

Developed into PIE *wer- "to burn"

Verb

Burn

Shuàrh

Developed into PIE *weǵ- "to be lively, to be awake"

Verb

Wake

Shul

Noun

Warmth

Sízwṛ

Noun

Goal

Smṛ

Developed into PIE *(s)mer- "to remember"

Verb

Remember

Smṛmṇ

Formed from smṛ + -mṇ

Noun

Memory

Sorhwḷ

Developed into PIE *sóh₂wl̥ "sun"

Noun

Sun

Spak

Developed into PIE *speḱ- "to see, to look, to observe" whence English spectate

Verb

Watch

Srṛ

Verb

Suffice

Srṛæs

Formed from srṛ + -æs

Noun

Sufficiency

Srṛæsnos

Formed from srṛ + -æs + -nos

Adjective

Enough

Stḷ

Developed into PIE *stel- "to put, to place, to locate"

Verb

Place

Stḷmn

Formed from stḷ + -mn

Noun

Site

Tṛrhw

Developed into PIE *terh₃w- (meaning unsure but ancestor to German drohen "to threaten")

Verb

Threaten

Ubospak

Formed from ubo + spak

Verb

Suspect

Ubospaknos

Formed from ubo + spak +-nos

Adjective

Suspicious

Vlôz

Possibly related to the English blood, bleed

Verb

Lose (uncertain)

Vras

Possibly developed into PIE *bʰel- "shiny, white" whence English blaze

Noun

Flare

Vrérh

Developed into PIE *bʰleyǵ- "to shine" whence English blink

Verb

Shine

Vṛrh

Developed into PIE *bʰergʰ- "to safeguard, to protect, to preserve" whence English harbor

Verb

Save

Vrurhærh

Developed into PIE *bʰruHg- "to make use of, to have enjoyment of" whence English frugal

Verb

Use

Wahæ

Developed into PIE *weh₁- "true" whence English verify

Adjective

True

Wahædach

Formed from wahæ + -dach

Adjective

Truth

Wàrhd

Developed into PIE *weh₂t- "excited, inspired, possessed, raging"

Adjective

Mad (not in control of mental faculties)

Wḷrh

Developed into PIE *welh₃- "to hit, to strike"

Verb

Hurt, injure

Wḷrhmṇ

Formed from wḷrh + -mṇ

Noun

Wound

Wṇhæ

Developed into PIE *wenh₁- "to love" whence English winsome

Noun

Love

Wṛgwachæt

Formed from wṛ + gwachæt

Verb

Reassign

Wṛmṛvṃ

Formed from wṛ + mṛvṃ

Noun

Pattern

Zah

Developed into PIE *dʰeh₁- "to do"

Verb

Act (do something)

Zahæs

Formed from zah + -æs

Noun

Action

Zàrh

Possibly developed into PIE *deh₃- "to give" whence English mandatory

Verb

Allow

Zàw

Developed into PIE *dʰew- "to run, to flow"

Verb

Run

Zayg

Developed into PIE *deyḱ- "to point out, to show" whence English indicate

Verb

Show

Zblæs

Probably derived from a verb zbḷ, possibly related to the word "double" and meaning "to copy"

Noun

Message

Zdô

Possibly developed into PIE *steh₂- "to stand"

Verb

Go (or possibly be)

Zérhú

Seems to have the -rhú group suffix, and thus may be referring to the Nornir

Noun

Fate

Zḷv

Developed into PIE *dʰelbʰ- "to dig, to excavate" whence English delve

Verb

Shovel

Zḷvdrṃ

Formed from zḷv + -drṃ

Noun

Shovel

Zṃ

Developed into PIE *dem- "to build" whence English domicile

Verb

Build

Zmæs

Formed from zṃ + -æs

Noun

Construction

Zṃch

Probably related in some way to zṃ

Verb

Create

Zṃchmṇ

Formed from zṃch + -mṇ

Noun

Creature, animal

Zozayg

Formed from zo + zayg

Verb

Present

Zràw

Developed into PIE *srew- "to flow, to stream"

Verb

Flow

Zrerh

Possibly developed into PIE *dreh₂- "to run"

Verb

Become

Zrhogwus

Possibly formed from zrho + gwus

Noun

War

Zrhwachày

Possibly formed from zrho + wachày

Noun

Destruction

Zway

Developed into PIE *dwey- "to fear"

Noun

Fear

Zwúrh

Noun

Shroud

Zyaw

Developed into PIE *dyew- "sky, heaven" whence English divinity

Noun

Sky

Sound Changes

• Z becomes d

• B becomes p

• Rh becomes a laryngeal (h sound) or sometimes g

• Sh becomes w

• Ch becomes a laryngeal or sometimes ḱ

• H becomes a laryngeal (usually the first laryngeal)

• Gw becomes kʷ

• Æ disappears

• Syllabic consonants often become regular consonants with vowels attached

• Proto-Indo-European roots aren't dependent on which vowel they have, just the consonants around the vowel, so all vowels just kind of become e

More Isu Studies

You can find more articles on the Isu language linked here: Understanding the Isu Language: The Basics